Health monitoring (structural health monitoring) is a multidisciplinary field dedicated to implementing sensing and data analysis strategies to assess the condition and performance of engineering structures over time. It involves deploying networks of various types of sensors – drawing upon principles found in sensor technology, including concepts analogous to those used in biomedical sensors for monitoring 'health' – to collect data reflecting structural responses, environmental influences, or material degradation. Sophisticated data processing and pattern recognition algorithms are then employed to analyze this data, identify anomalies, detect damage or deterioration, and evaluate the structural integrity. This process is fundamental for enabling proactive maintenance, ensuring safety, extending operational lifespan, and optimizing resource allocation across diverse applications, including civil infrastructure, aerospace components, energy systems, and within the context of smart manufacturing for monitoring production assets and infrastructure health.