Economic sanctions is a core concept within international relations and political economy research, denoting the use of economic restrictions as a coercive foreign policy instrument. This field investigates the strategic design, implementation, and diverse impacts of such measures on target states, entities, or individuals, analyzing their efficacy in achieving desired political outcomes, their economic and social consequences, and their role in shaping international power dynamics and conflict. Its significance lies in understanding non-military tools of statecraft and the interplay between economic interdependence and political objectives.