Economic risk is an academic concept and research field concerned with the potential for unexpected events or fluctuations to negatively impact economic outcomes, value, or welfare. It encompasses the uncertainty surrounding future economic conditions and their consequences for economic agents and systems. This field investigates the sources, types, measurement, and management of uncertainties inherent in economic environments, such as market volatility, credit defaults, policy changes, and macroeconomic shifts. Key characteristics include the inherent unpredictability of future economic states and the potential for adverse financial or economic consequences. Its significance lies in providing frameworks for identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential losses, thereby informing decision-making in finance, business, policy, and promoting economic stability and resilience.