Corrosion is the irreversible degradation of materials, typically metals, through chemical or electrochemical reaction with their environment. As an academic concept and research field, it systematically investigates the fundamental mechanisms, kinetics, and influencing factors of this deterioration process, alongside strategies for its prevention and mitigation. Characterized by the loss of material properties and compromised structural integrity, the study of corrosion holds significant importance across engineering disciplines, material science, and economics due to its impact on infrastructure longevity, safety, and resource management.