Purpose: To assess the influence of holmium laser cystolitholapaxy (HLC) concomitantly with holmium laser prostate enucleation (HoLEP) on patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) presenting bladder calculi. Materials and Methods: We present a retrospective analysis of patients with BPH (with or without concomitant HLC) at three Spanish centers. Intraoperative variables (e.g., time and resected tissue), changes in functional parameters of the prostate, and frequency of complications (intraoperative, early postoperative, and at 12 months) in patients with and without HLC were compared. Results: The analysis included 963 patients aged 48 to 91 years, of which 54 (5.6%) underwent HLC to treat vesical lithiasis. Mean (range) prostate size (measured by transrectal ultrasound) was 79 (43-173) g and 91 (35-247) g for patients with and without concomitant HLC, respectively (p = 0.080). All bladder calculi were effectively removed. No significant differences were found regarding enucleation and morcellation times, but total operation time was significantly higher in patients with HLC: mean (standard deviation [SD]) of 78 (27) minutes vs 95 (41) minutes (p < 0.001). Three patients underwent conversion to open surgery because of bladder perforation, all of them from the group without HLC. Rates of intraoperative, early, and 12-month complications were similar in both groups. No significant differences in International Prostate Symptom Scale, maximum flow rate (Qmax), and mean flow were observed between groups 12 months after surgery. Conclusions: Simultaneous HoLEP and HLC increases the total operation time, but does not influence the risk of clinically relevant perioperative and postoperative complications.

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