Objective: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can be used to balance the body's immunity and tumor development during different stages of cancer treatment. Recently, TCM has been an important part of the health care system for breast cancer in Taiwan. This study was conducted as a prospective observation of the prognosis of Western medicine and combined treatment of TCM and Western medicine. Methods: Between April 2014 and March 2015, eligible participants were treated with Western medicine (n = 16) or TCM plus Western medicine (n = 29). The TCM treatment for patients followed the principles of a breast cancer protocol that had been developed in the Integrative Cancer Center. The outcome measures included quality of life, frequency of symptom distress, and clinical safety, and were measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Scale, and laboratory examinations, respectively. Data on these measures were collected at baseline and at 3 months after treatment initiation. Survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: The two treatment groups did not differ significantly at baseline in terms of demographic information, FACT-G score, or frequency of symptom distress, except for fatigue, sleep disturbance, and mucositis. Most laboratory examinations did not differ significantly between the two groups, but higher red blood cell counts and lower liver function were found with the combined treatment than with Western medicine alone (p < 0.05). The mean overall survival rates were 25.5 months for the combined group and 22.7 months for the Western medicine group (p = 0.037). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that combining Western and TCM therapy may have a favorable effect on the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Chinese herbal medicine is worth studying in a future larger cohort with a control group. It also warrants verification as a preventive intervention.

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