Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of bronchial thermoplasty (BT) in clinical practice in adults with severe, refractory asthma.Methods: Prospective, single-center, open, observational study comprising patients with uncontrolled asthma (asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) >1.5) and/or frequent exacerbations despite treatment with at least high dose inhaled corticosteroids plus a second controller. Efficacy outcomes was change from baseline 4, 8, 12 and 24 months in FEV₁, FVC and FEV₁/FVC ratio, asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) score and asthma quality of life score (mini-AQLQ). Results are presented as median with interquartile ranges (IQR). The following were recorded as adverse events: Un-scheduled health care contacts, rescue courses of oral corticosteroid (OCS) and/or antibiotics for exacerbation for exacerbations/respiratory tract infections (RTI).Results: Six-teen patients were enrolled (nine males, median age 50 years; 14 followed for 24 months). Compared to baseline, an improvement in FEV₁, FVC, FEV₁/FVC ratio, mini-AQLQ and ACQ was observed, i.e.FEV₁ (IQR) 1.98 L (1.65-2.45) vs. 2.45 L (2.09-2.93) (p = 0.006), FVC (IQR) 3.23 L (2.76-4.05) vs. 3.75 L (3.22-4.36) (p = 0.041), FEV₁/FVC 0.60 (IQR: 0.55-0.70) vs. 0.66 (IQR: 0.63-0.71) (p = 0.016), mini-AQLQ 4.0 (IQR: 3.2-4.9) vs. 5.6 (IQR 4.5-6.5) (p = 0.008, and ACQ 2.9 (IQR: 2.1-3.7) versus 1.5 (IQR 1.0-2.4) (p = 0.004). On the other hand, an increase was observed in unscheduled visits (p = 0.005), as well as use of OCS and antibiotics (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively).Conclusion: BT in adults with severe asthma improved ACQ, mini-AQLQ and lung function, but resulted in an increased frequency of unscheduled doctor-visits and rescue courses of OCS and antibiotics.

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