Aims. To explore the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and neonatal cord blood amino acid and carnitine levels after GDM was diagnosed among pregnant women monitoring glycosylated haemoglobin levels of 5.5%-6.4% during mid-late gestation. Methods. In all, 7289 qualified participants were recruited and divided into two groups (GDM and control groups) between 1 July 2015 and 1 July 2020, and all maternal-neonatal data were collected and analyzed at three centers. Results. Interestingly, glycine in cord blood was not only significantly different between groups (15.52 vs. 6.67, P < 0.001 ) but also associated with neonatal hypoglycemia ( r = 0.132 , P < 0.001 ). Although glycine was an independent positive factor with neonatal hypoglycemia, it had lacked effective size to predict the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia ( b = 0.002 , P < 0.001 ). Conclusion. The study identifies some differences and relationships in maternal-neonatal data when the GDM group has fluctuating glycosylated haemoglobin levels of 5.5%-6.4% without hypoglycemic drug intervention, compared with the control group. Although umbilical cord blood of glycine levels has a lack of effective power to predict the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia, it is probably an independent factor involved in the maternal-neonatal glucolipid metabolism.

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