Purpose: The effects of preoperative respiratory muscle training (RMT) on postoperative complications in patients with pulmonary resection have recently attracted the attention of researchers. More studies are obviously needed to clarify the effects of RMT after pulmonary resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intense RMT in addition to chest physiotherapy after pulmonary resection in terms of respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, and length of hospital stay rather than postoperative complications. Methods: Forty subjects undergoing pulmonary resection were included in the study. Subjects were divided into two groups using a simple randomization method. The subjects in the study group (SG; n = 20) received RMT in addition to regular chest physiotherapy in the postoperative period. The subjects in the control group (CG; n = 20) received only regular chest physiotherapy. Respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure [PI_max and PE_max]) was measured pre-postoperatively and before discharge, and exercise capacity, which was measured by the 6-min walk test (6MWT), was assessed preoperatively and before discharge. The length of hospital stay was also recorded. Results: There were no differences between groups in terms of demographic and surgical characteristics. The nonsignificant change of PI_max from the preoperative to the discharge value was 65.1 ± 15.5 to 68.2 ± 19.2 cmH₂O in SG and 59.2 ± 13.7 to 44.3 ± 14.8 cmH₂O in CG (p > 0.05, p > 0.05, respectively). The change of PE_max from the preoperative to the discharge value was 80.4 ± 24.9 to 81.5 ± 24.9 cmH₂O in SG (nonsignificant) and 85.4 ± 38.2 to 61.3 ± 25.4 cmH₂O in CG (p > 0.05, p = 0.002, respectively). There was a significant difference between SG and CG in terms of RMT effect (PI_max: 11.05 [21.84; 0.25] cmH₂O p = 0.045; PE_max: 25.23 [42.83; 7.62] cmH₂O p = 0.006). A significant difference was found in the 6MWT when the mean differences were compared between the groups (85.72 [166.15; 5.28] m p = 0.037). The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the SG (number of days for SG 9.1 ± 3 and for CG 12.9 ± 4.2 [p = 0.002]). Conclusion: The addition of RMT to chest physiotherapy after pulmonary resection can have positive effects on respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, and length of hospital stay.

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